Description: Early childhood care and education (ECCE) provides an important foundation for later learning, and is an integral part of lifelong learning. In keeping with EFA orientations, governments and education providers need to ensure smooth transitions from ECCE to primary school so that the gains made in the former will be firmly sustained in the latter. This brief outlines the three interrelated contexts that have prompted increased policy attention to this issue, and reviews two current sets of approaches to the transition challenge. The two distinct approaches to promoting a unified approach to learning across the sectors that are examined are referred to by the OECD as the ‘pre-primary approach to early education’ and the ‘social pedagogy tradition’.